This general description defines the broad class of polymers known as silicones. The most common example is poly(dimethylsiloxane) or PDMS. This polymer has a repeating (CH3)2SiO unit. These materials are the basic building blocks of the silicone industry. Depending upon the number of repeat units in the polymer chain and the degree of cross-linking ("tying" the polymer chains together), at least six classes of commercially important products can be produced:
- Fluids
- Emulsions
- Compounds
- Lubricants
- Resins
- Elastomers or rubbers

This is a single polymer strand of poly(dimethylsiloxane) or PDMS. The chain is made up of an alternating Si-O-Si backbone, with each silicon atom bearing two methyl groups. This strand has a molecular weight of nearly 1,200 daltons (amu). In a typical PDMS, a distribution of chain lengths centers around an average molecular weight or size. Depending on how the polymer is manufactured, it may also contain some cyclic siloxane structures. The molecular weight for PDMS can be as small as a few hundred daltons to several hundreds of thousands. |